Universality of Electron Mobility in LaAlO3_3/SrTiO3_3 and bulk SrTiO3_3

Metallic LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ (LAO/STO) interfaces attract enormous attention, but the relationship between the electron mobility and the sheet electron density, $n_s$, is poorly understood. Here we derive a simple expression for the three-dimensional electron density near the interface, $n_{3D}$, as a function of $n_s$ and find that the mobility for LAO/STO-based interfaces depends on $n_{3D}$ in the same way as it does for bulk doped STO. It is known that undoped bulk STO is strongly compensated with $N \simeq 5 \times 10^{18}~\rm{cm^{-3}}$ background donors and acceptors. In intentionally doped bulk STO with a concentration of electrons $n_{3D} < N$ background impurities determine the electron scattering. Thus, when $n_{3D} < N$ it is natural to see in LAO/STO the same mobility as in the bulk. On the other hand, in the bulk samples with $n_{3D} > N$ the mobility collapses because scattering happens on $n_{3D}$ intentionally introduced donors. For LAO/STO the polar catastrophe which provides electrons is not supposed to provide equal number of random donors and thus the mobility should be larger. The fact that the mobility is still the same implies that for the LAO/STO the polar catastrophe model should be revisited.Comment: 4 pages and 1 figur

Análisis estadístico de los resultados de una investigación de los efectos de la influencia de la contaminación atmosférica sobre indicadores biológicos en escolares de sexo masculino

Con el objeto de buscar indicadores biológicos humanos de los efectos de la contaminación atmosférica se ha ejecutado un proyecto analítico exploratorio con poblaciones escolares en el centro de la ciudad de Santiago y en la comuna rural de María Pinto (Región Metropolitana). Se trabajó con 114 voluntarios escolares varones entre 10 y 14 años en el Instituto Nacional en Santiago y con un grupo de conrtol, similar, de 51 escolares en María Pinto. En sangre venosa y saliva obtenidas de estos voluntarios&nbsp;se hicieron determinaciones de variables inmunológicas, hematológicas y bioquímicas y medición de la actividad fagocítica del macrófago de sangre periférica. Se hicieron igualmente determinaciones antropométricas. Se determinó también factores de contaminación atmosférica por partículas en ambos lugares: se comprobó que la calidad de aire es significativamente diferente en ellos. Se resumen los resultados globales del proyecto y su análisis estadístico: se discuten tres metodologías alternativas que permitirían tomar en cuenta diferencias de estado nutricional entre ambas poblaciones que pudieran afectar los niveles de respuesta en las variables principales. Las concentraciones de imnunoglobulinas y los factores de complementos C3 y C4 no se muestran como indicadores biológicos efectivos de la contaminación por partículas en la atmósfera. Subsiste la posibilidad de que las variables: capacidad antioxidante del plasma, metahemoglobina, hematocrito, concentración de Fe en materia seca de sangre y otras puedan servir como tales indicadores. Las variaciones conjuntas del índice de fagocitosis y del % de killing evidencian un significativo stress oxidativo

Grain size analysis in permanent magnets from Kerr microscopy images using machine learning techniques

Understanding the relationships between composition, structure, processing and properties helps in the development of improved materials for known applications as well as for new applications. Materials scientists, chemists and physicists have researched these relationships for many years, until the recent past, by characterizing the bulk properties of functional materials and describing them with theoretical models. Magnets are widly used in electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), data storage, power generation and transmission, sensors etc. The search for novel magnetic phases requires an efficient quantitative microstructure analysis of microstructural information like phases, grain distribution and micromagnetic structural information like domain patterns, and correlating the information with intrinsic magnetic parameters of magnet samples. The information out of micromagnetic domains helps in obtaining the optimized microstructures in magnets that have good intrinsic magnetic properties. This paper is aimed at introducing the use of a traditional machine learning (ML) model with a higher dimensional feature set and a deep learning (DL) model to classify various regions in sintered NdFeB magnets based on Kerr-microscopy images. The obtained results are compared against reference data, which is generated manually by subject experts. Additionally, the results were compared against the approach for grain analysis, which is based on the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Further, the challenges faced by the traditional machine learning model for classifying microstructures in Kerr micrographs are discussed

Registration of a Validated Mechanical Atlas of Middle Ear for Surgical Simulation

International audienceThis paper is centered on the development of a new train- ing and rehearsal simulation system for middle ear surgery. First, we have developed and validated a mechanical atlas based on finite element method of the human middle ear. The atlas is based on a microMRI. Its mechanical behavior computed in real-time has been successfully val- idated. In addition, we propose a method for the registration of the mechanical atlas on patient imagery. The simulation can be used for a rehearsal surgery with the geometrical anatomy of a given patient and with mechanical data that are validated. Moreover, this process does not necessitate a complete re-built of the model

Plasma plume effects on the conductivity of amorphous-LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces grown by pulsed laser deposition in O₂ and Ar

Amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces exhibit metallic conductivity similarto those found for the extensively studied crystalline-LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces. Here, we investigate the conductivity of the amorphous-LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces grown in different pressures of O2 and Ar background gases. During the deposition, the LaAlO3 ablation plume is also studied, in situ, by fast photography and space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. An interesting correlation between interfacial conductivity and kinetic energy of the Al atoms in the plume is observed: to assure conducting interfaces of amorphous-LaAlO3/SrTiO3, the kinetic energy of Al should be higher than 1 eV. Our findings add further insights on mechanisms leading to interfacial conductivity in SrTiO3-based oxide heterostructures